Ketone:
- they are carbon compounds
- they have a double bonded oxygen
- has the ending of -one
- the double bond can't be in the beginning or end
- the double bond has to be the lowest number possible
Aldehydes:
- double bonded oxygen
- at either the begging or ending of the parent chain
Alcohols:
- OH (hydroxyl)
- number of Carbons (meth,eth, etc...)
- has the ending of -nol
- phenol is an exception
- has an OH bonded to it
- numbering says where OH is
- more than one OH, add -diol, triol etc...
![]() |
Ex: methanol |
Halides:
- they contain halogens from group 17 (Bromine, Chlorine, Iodine, Fluorine
- the halogens have the ending of -o
- the numbers show where the halogens are
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Chloroethane-full.png)
1 Chloroethane
![](http://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/A/F/1/1-2-dichloroethane.jpg)
1,2 dichloroethane
Ethers:
- have an ending of -er
- only contains oxygen
- always between 2 carbons
- not in alphabetical order, it's in numerical order
- starts with methyl
![](http://wiki.chemeddl.org/mediawiki/images/5/5b/Chapter_8_page_24-2.jpg)
Amines:
- has the ending of -yl amine
- nitrogen is placed between each carbon
![](http://wiki.chemeddl.org/mediawiki/images/f/fc/Chapter_8_page_30-2.jpg)
Amides:
- ends in -anamide
- has a double bonded oxygen and NH2
![](http://www.uwplatt.edu/~sundin/363-7/image/l637-18j.gif)
Nitros:
- starts with nitro-
- has a nitrogen with a double bonded oxygen
- has a single bond oxygen
![](http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/images/bm6860.gif)
Esters:
- there is an Oxygen in the parent chain
- double bonded O in side chain
- parent chain ends in -oate
- side chain and "O" sandwich a carbon
![](http://wiki.chemeddl.org/mediawiki/images/d/d2/Chapter_8_page_29.jpg)
Carboxylic Acids:
- use the standard rules but change the parent chain ending to -oic acid
-has a double bonded O and an OH bonded to the first carbon
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYtXm7NizQA&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C5ZK6nPPAbo&feature=related
By: KRYSTA DEL ROSARIO